For the philosopher Harry Frankfurt, the essence of bullshit was not the intention to deceive but ‘indifference to how things really are’. But does that make bullshit worse than lies? Are we not all, sometimes, bullshitters?
Quassim Cassam
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick, UK. Author of several books including Vices of the Mind (Oxford, 2019) and Conspiracy Theories (Polity, 2019), and the co-author (with Richard English) of the forthcoming How to Think about Terrorism (Oxford, 2026).
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