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O SVOBODI IN KLIŠEJIH


Kundera v svojem briljantnem romanu Neznosna lahkost bivanja, ki ga je letos bolj ko ne pol Slovenije predihalo do zadnje črke zaradi maturitetnega eseja, kot primarno točko, na kateri ideologija konsolidira vrste ljudstva, vidi kič, mehanizem nasilja se vklopi šele, ko kiču spodleti. In kaj je kič drugega kot kliše, univerzalnosti prirejena struktura, v katero se vedno znova ujame naše življenje in s katero si življenja nenehno tudi uravnavamo.

Čas, v katerem živimo, nam kot eno osnovnih postavk svoje ideologije postavlja ravno neideološkost, razpoložljivost sveta življenja, v katerem si lahko po lastnih nagibih in volji izberemo svoj eksistenčni modus. Temu seveda ni popolnoma tako, kajti klišejev, ki nas naskakujejo in nam jemljejo voljo do življenja, kadar se znajdemo onstran, je še vedno več kot dovolj. In čeprav rad živim v času brez španskih škornjev in golih otokov, se včasih vprašam, ali jih resnično ni, ali na simbolni ravni ne učinkujejo v tisti najbolj primarni grozi človeka kot družbenega bitja, da bi se nam posmehovali in da nas ne bi imeli radi, in ali je obsodba, ki posameznika dobesedno izvrže iz družbenega telesa, kadar se na tak ali drugačen način pregreši zoper njene tabuje, kaj manj dokončna.

Življenje je pač vedno kliše, tisto, kar tu vztraja in hoče vztrajati, pa vsekakor nismo mi, ampak občestvo. Občestvo, ki se ohranja v času s klišejem. Očiščenje, ki ga doživljamo s pomočjo umetnosti in njenih namišljenih svetov, namišljenih spodletelih eksistenc, je srh, ki nas spreleta ravno ob tej možnosti onstran. Katarza je zaveza naše nevpletenosti. In če nam umetnost odpira robove in nas kot prestrašene mucke vrača med kolnike tabuja, prostor med kolniki in s tem "resnično življenje" odražata ljudska in pop kultura, zgrajeni ravno na klišejih, ki občestvo vztrajajo v času. Kliše nas uči, kako biti človek v nekem času in prostoru in naš angažma zamejuje s temeljno grozo: biti onstran.

Zaradi tega sem tudi s takim užitkom prebiral pesniško zbirko Jana Šmarčana Njej, pri kateri je že sam naslov simptomatičen, kajti bolečina, ki zaznamuje celotno knjigo, je bolečina spoznanja ob spodletelosti poskusa, da bi Ona prišla v telesu klišeja in osmislila življenje med kolniki tabuja. Smeh, ki se sprosti iz zakrčenosti, ko se v pesmi Božanska si razkrije, da je objekt, okoli katerega je zgrajen romantični sprehod po gozdnem robu, pravzaprav ovca, prekriva tisto bolečino, s katero sem se sam ukvarjal v romanu Kri na dlaneh, katerega protagonistka je posiljena mladostnica. Kajti, četudi je tvoja sokrivda pri prestopu meje tabuja nikakršna in si pravzaprav žrtev, te to ničesar ne odvezuje. Kazen zadene prekršek, pri čemer se ne odmerjajo posamične krivde, zaradi česar so (kot sem pred kratkim prebral v Nedelu) v časih španskih škornjev v primerih sodomije kaznovali tako sodomista kot žival. Slavenka Drakulić pa, na primer, v romanu Kot da me ni zapiše srhljivo izkušnjo, da je v srbskih taboriščih posiljenim ženskam bilo lažje prenesti sam akt kot stopiti pred obličja lastnih moških.

Pleme, zakoličeno s pletenasto ogrado tabuja, je seveda zoprno naporna zadeva, še zlasti za vsakogar, ki se ne povsem po lastnih nagibih in volji znajde onstran, ampak vprašajmo se, ali nam je razen tega sploh kaj na razpolago. Ko sem med pripravami na novi roman Pontifikat, ki ga ravno pišem, preučeval tradicijo skrajnega subjektivizma, zlasti njegove nihilistično, demonistične skrajne lege, me je spreletela skrajna groza, ko se mi je razkrilo, da se človek vendarle ne more zanašati na neko svoje imanentno notranje dobro, graditi svoj svet na subjektivizmu in obenem ohraniti človečnost. Človečnost je pač vedno zgolj soudeleženost v občestvenem ... in tako v klišeju.

Skrajna groza, ki se razkriva v jedru nihilističnega subjektivizma, je spoznanje, da človeka onstran družbe ni, da je tisto, kar dojemamo kot sebe, samo nabor naših povezanosti z drugimi in občestvom, v tem kontekstu pa absolutna samozadostnost ne more pomeniti nič drugega kot absolutno vserazpoložljivost sveta, pri kateri ni več nobene razlike med Šmarčanovim morilskim psihopatom in romantičnim zaljubljencem, so samo še izbire, ki pa so med sabo absolutno zamenljive. Življenja se pač naučimo kot kliše.

Človečnost je zgolj v občestvu. In naj nam še tako nabija meje in naj še tako frustrira naše "svobodne izbire", je paradoksalno tudi edino zagotovilo naše človečnosti.


 



Published 2007-06-21


Original in Slovenian
First published in Dialogi 5-6/2007

Contributed by Dialogi
© Robert Titan Felix/Dialogi
© Eurozine
 

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